The Medical College - Page 59
Explanation of Answers
for Model Examination
VERBAL REASONING
1.
C.
The entire passage presents the thesis
that
Fitzgerald created the American flapper
through
his short stories and novels. It is true that
the flap-
per is a part of the social history of America
in
the post–World War I decade and thus a
vehicle
of social customs in America during the time;
but
this is not a major point of the passage.
The
author mainly attempts to establish the claim
that
Fitzgerald, not John Held, Jr. and not
various
flappers in film, invented or created this
character
type. Though there are allusions to
Fitzgerald's
novels, the passage mentions them only in
pass-
ing, and thus B would be
incorrect.
2.
B.
Paragraph two of the passage chronicles
the
origin and evolution of the term "flapper,"
clearly
locating one of its early associations with
women in
Britain who had not yet been introduced into
soci-
ety, the answer supplied by B. It is actually
also
true, according to the Oxford English
Dictionary,
that the word may have originally come from
the
term that designated a young bird (A), a
"flapper,"
but this information is not supplied by the
passage
and, therefore, would not be a correct answer
for
this question. Some have also suggested that
the
flapping arm movements of dancing
flappers
prompted the name. Again, however, the
passage
does not include this bit of information, and
C,
therefore, would be an incorrect
response.
3.
A.
John O'Hara notes that the term
"flapper"
had been misused and that it had designated
a
girl who had not yet found a husband. His
com-
ment suggesting this variation is found in
para-
graph two.
4.
D.
The social historian Frederick Lewis
Allen
cited numerous conditions, summarized in
para-
graph two, that contributed to the
development
of the flapper. All of those cited, as well as
oth-
ers, are included in paragraph
two.
5.
A.
As outlined in the explanation to question
one
(above), the central thesis of the passage is
that
Fitzgerald was the creator, through his
fiction, of the
type known as the American
Flapper.
6.
B.
The passage does not deal with
comparative
studies of the worth of Fitzgerald's novels
as
opposed to his short stories, nor does it
address
the relative merits of John Held, Jr.'s
cartoons
versus his writing. Therefore, I and III are
neither
supported nor contradicted by the passage,
which
does, however, deal in detail with
Fitzgerald's
role in developing the flapper and with his
ulti-
mate decision to discontinue the
stereotype
because it limited him in the creation of
complex
characters. This information is presented in
para-
graph one.
7.
B.
Although it is a fact that literary critics
were
harsh in their evaluation of Fitzgerald's
flapper sto-
ries (A), that Fitzgerald was an
autobiographical
writer (C) and that certain segments of the
middle-
brow reading public thought that the flapper
was
immoral (D), the passage addresses none of
these
issues. Paragraph three does, on the other
hand,
address the fact that there were well-known
flap-
pers in film. Thus the correct response is
B.
8.
D.
Paragraphs one and two could be
entitled
acute pharmacological experience, whereas
para-
graph three deals with drug effects as a
prelude to
dependency. Paragraph four discussed
learning
aspects, and paragraphs five and six deal
with
neurochemical aspects.
9.
B.
Paragraph one makes it perfectly clear that
the
dependence process starts with the initial
exposure.
It is also emphasized that after taking a drug
an
individual may feel pleasure (or less pain),
but that
the word "pleasurable" has many meanings
and
may not be related to "feeling
good."
10.
D.
Paragraph one emphasizes that people
take
psychoactive drugs for many reasons that
essen-
tially meet their own individual needs, whether
it
be feeling good, peer pressure, or
whatever.
11.
C.
Paragraphs two and five make the
statement
that most drugs produce their effects via an
alter-
ation of brain neurochemistry, which can lead
to
other more long-term problems. Alteration of
the
mind is not specific, and drugs do not act in a
very
predictable way.
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