The Medical College - Page 49
162.
The plasma membrane of animal
cells:
A.
is usually rigid.
B.
has selective channels made of
proteins.
C.
it too thin to be seen by the use of
any
microscope.
D.
is composed only of proteins and
carbohy-
drates.
163.
Dialysis (as is used for the treatment of
chronic
kidney ailments) differs from the process
of
osmosis in the respect that:
A.
both solvent and solute pass through
the
membrane.
B.
solute selectively passes through the
mem-
brane only.
C.
solvent selectively passes through
the
membrane only.
D.
gases are the only substances that pass
the
membrane and blood is cleansed.
Passage IV (Questions 164–168)
The diagram below represents three generations
of a
human family, some of whose members have a
non-
lethal birth defect. The defect is caused by a
single
gene for which new mutations are very rare. The
indi-
viduals with birth defects are represented by
solid
black symbols, whereas the individuals who have
a
normal phenotype are represented by open
symbols.
Males are represented by squares and females
are rep-
resented by circles.
164.
The defect is most likely caused
by:
A.
an autosomal gene for which the
defective
allele is recessive to the normal
allele.
B.
an X-linked gene for which the
defective
allele is recessive to the normal
allele.
C.
an autosomal gene for which the
defective
allele is dominant to the normal
allele.
D.
an X-linked gene for which the
defective
allele is dominant to the normal
allele.
165.
The genotype of individual number 1 in
the
family:
A.
is most likely to contain only normal
alleles.
B.
is most likely to contain only
defective
alleles.
C.
is most likely to contain both normal
and
defective alleles.
D.
cannot be determined from the
pedigree.
166.
The genotype of individual number 4 in
the
family:
A.
is most likely to contain only normal
alleles.
B.
is most likely to contain only
defective
alleles.
C.
is most likely to contain both normal
and
defective alleles.
D.
cannot be determined from the
pedigree.
167.
The genotype of individual number 7 in
the
family:
A.
is most likely to contain only normal
alleles.
B.
is most likely to contain only
defective
alleles.
C.
is most likely to contain both normal
and
defective alleles.
D.
cannot be determined from the
pedigree.
168.
The genotype of individual number 8 in
the
family:
A.
is most likely to contain only normal
alleles.
B.
is most likely to contain only
defective
alleles.
C.
is most likely to contain both normal
and
defective alleles.
D.
cannot be determined from the
pedigree.
Passage V (Questions 169–178)
Blood is the fluid that circulates around in
blood ves-
sels to provide for gas exchange, waste
removal, and
nutrient procurement by the cells of the body.
Blood is
composed of various types of cells and cell
fragments
(referred to as formed elements) and a fluid
called
plasma. The formed elements include
erythrocytes or
RBCs (red blood corpuscles), various types of
leuco-
cytes or WBCs (white blood cells), and
thrombocytes
or platelets.
In a clinical setting a number of tests are
conducted
on blood. One of these is to determine the
packed cells
volume or hematocrit (which is defined as the
volume
of formed elements relative to the total volume
of
blood). In order to determine an individual's
hemat-
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