The Medical College - Page 30
be as magical as was once thought, and may have
a
very precise and orderly basis. The awareness
and
knowledge of this scientific base can be helpful
to
both client and therapist.
31.
An appropriate title for this passage could
be:
A.
Withdrawal Syndrome.
B.
Behavioral Conditioning and
Withdrawal.
C.
The Recovery Process.
D.
Environmental Contingencies and Drug
Use.
32.
Recovery from drug addiction:
A.
involves a lifelong process.
B.
is modulated by environmental
factors.
C.
can be associated with withdrawal
symp-
toms.
D.
includes all of the above.
33.
According to the author:
A.
certain tasks can be better learned
while
under the influence of psychoactive
drugs.
B.
certain tasks are easily performed
while
under the influence of drugs.
C.
certain tasks may be difficult if not
under
the influence.
D.
learning and performing of tasks are
not
drastically affected by drug use.
34.
Which statement(s) is/are supported by the
pas-
sage?
A.
Neurochemical mechanisms play a role
in
drug addiction and recovery.
B.
Environmental conditions may have
dras-
tic effects on an individual.
C.
The individual is a key
determinator.
D.
All of the above.
35.
According to the passage:
A.
the addiction process is well
understood.
B.
the recovery process is well
understood.
C.
recovery is the reverse of addiction
and
depends solely on substitution of
com-
pounds.
D.
none of the above statements is
supported.
36.
Most health professionals:
A.
agree on the treatment plans of
withdrawal
and recovery.
B.
appreciate that treatment and recovery
are
at times different.
C.
are comfortable with the fact that
neuro-
chemical mechanisms are determining
fac-
tors.
D.
feel that AA does the best job in
curing
alcoholics.
37.
The passage implies that the solutions to
the
drug addiction and recovery are
found:
A.
in the individual.
B.
in experimental models.
C.
in organizations.
D.
in environmental factors.
Passage VI (Questions 38–44)
Physicians like Hippocrates, Thomas Browne,
and
John Gregory emphasized that physicians must do
the
"right thing" for their patients, and most
physicians take
this to mean curing illness and preventing
death. Gre-
gory refreshingly reminds us that physicians
are not
always perfect. "I may reckon among the moral
duties
incumbent on a physician, that candor, which
makes him
open to conviction, and ready to acknowledge
and rec-
tify his mistakes. An obstinate adherence to an
unsuc-
cessful method of treating a disease, is based
on a high
degree of self-conceit, and a belief of the
infallibility of
a system." Erik Erikson takes the Golden Rule
as his
"baseline . . . for wise and proper conduct"
and points
out that even though systematic ethicists may
believe the
concept too simple, the rule has "marked a
mysterious
meeting ground between ancient peoples
surrounded by
oceans and eras and is a theme hidden in the
most mem-
orable sayings of many thinkers." The Talmudic
version
of the Golden Rule, "What is hateful to
yourself, do not
to your fellow man," is similar to the
Christian "Love
thy neighbor as thyself." The Golden Rule is
not a suffi-
cient ethical principle, however, because it
conceptual-
izes the idea that what is good for the
physician is good
for the patient. It expresses beneficence,
which means
that the physician, because of specialized
knowledge and
motivation, knows what is best for each
patient.
The principle of beneficence, however, must be
tem-
pered by the countervailing idea of autonomy.
The idea
of human rights is a relatively recent
development in
social evolution. When physicians and priests
were one
and the same, the principle of beneficience was
taken
for granted. Patients were expected to do what
they
were told and "doctors orders" became an
everyday
expression. The ethical principle of autonomy
echoes
Rousseau, Washington, and Jefferson in
emphasizing
the patient's primacy in making moral judgments
about
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