The Medical College - Page 25
explain the success of chemotherapy in the
control of
several psychotic states. However, this has yet
to be
substantiated in the substance abuse
area.
8.
This passage deals with:
I.
the acute pharmacolgical
experience.
II.
the habitual drug use: the condition
of
drug effects as a prelude to
dependency.
III.
learning aspects.
IV.
neurochemical aspects.
A.
I, II, and III
C.
II and IV
B.
I and III
D.
I, II, III, and IV
9.
Which of the following statements is
supported
by the passage?
A.
A drink here and there really does not
hurt.
B.
Your first drink starts you on your way
to
drug abuse.
C.
A pleasurable state is associated
with
euphoria.
D.
Drug use follows certain patterns.
10.
Human beings partake in drugs because
of:
A.
peer pressure.
B.
psychological need.
C.
depression due to marital
pressure.
D.
all of the above.
11.
Chemical agents consumed
chronically:
A.
alter the mind.
B.
seem to act in a predictable
fashion.
C.
modulate neurochemical mechanisms.
D.
have relatively short-term
effects.
12.
Once an individual is addicted:
A.
ritual becomes the order of the
day.
B.
environmental conditions may play a
dom-
inant role.
C.
injection of a placebo replaces the
chemical.
D.
the side effects decrease and use
becomes
less harmful.
13.
According to the author:
A.
certain tasks can be better learned
while
under the effects of drugs.
B.
certain tasks can be better performed
while
under the effects of drugs.
C.
certain tasks may be difficult to perform
if
not under the influence of drugs.
D.
behavioral tolerance will lessen the
influ-
ence of drug affliction.
14.
Which of the statements is contradicted by
the
passage?
A.
Many variables play a role in the
effects
exhibited by drugs.
B.
Drug users lose the ability to control
their
own drug-taking behavior.
C.
Chemotherapy is the cure for drug
use.
D.
Specific neurotransmitters are affected
by
drug use.
15.
Drugs may often serve as:
A.
agents that make an individual feel
that
he/she "can take on the world."
B.
primary and/or secondary reinforcers
of
behavior.
C.
crutches for people who have low
self-
esteem.
D.
all of the above.
Passage III (Questions 16–24)
For almost a thousand years Alexandria was
the
world's center of higher learning. The library
eventu-
ally contained a half million scrolls, and the
museum
contained a zoo, botanical garden, astronomical
obser-
vatory, anatomical exhibit, and treasures from
around
the world. Teaching was limited only to what
was nec-
essary to train researchers for the next
generation. The
main focus was on improving understanding so
that
each generation could inherit a more advanced
civiliza-
tion. Teaching was not an end or good in
itself.
The school of Alexandria was modeled after
the
Lyceum of Aristotle. What Aristotle received
from Plato
and was passed to the school at Alexandria was
a sense
of optimism and dedication in seeking the
truth. We
know that Plato marveled at the underlying
principles of
mathematics, such as the Pythagorean theorem,
and that
he tried to find underlying principles or
"truths" in other
fields of study. Aristotle's improvement was to
take this
idea of generalization apart and show that when
deduc-
tion and induction were used alternately, we
had a
method of finding underlying
principles.
The first librarian was Herodotus of Ephesus,
who
with these new methods of logic dared to edit
Homer's
Iliad and Odyssey. The second librarian was
Eratosthenes
of Cyrene, who, to mention one specific item,
measured
the size of the earth. First, he measured the
angle of the
sun (six degrees) at midday on midsummer's day
at
Alexandria because he knew from previous trips
to
Cyrene (near today's Aswan Dam) that the sun
shone to
the bottom of its wells (zero degrees) on that
very day
and time each year. Then, he only had to
measure the dis-
tance between these two places to calculate the
circum-
ference of the earth (60/360 =
distance/circumference).
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